2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一

　　ENGLISH QUALIFICATION TEST

　　FOR MASTER-DEGREE APPLICANTS

　　Paper One (90 minutes)

　　Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes，10 points)

　　Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes，10 points)

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes，30 points)

　　Part IV Cloze (15 minutes，15 points)

　　考生须知

　　1.本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。试卷一满分65分，考试时间为90分钟，9:00开始，10:30结束;试卷二满分35分，考试时间为60分钟，10:30开始，11:30结束。本考试及格标准为总分60分，其中试卷二不低于18分。

　　2.请考生务必将本人考号　后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。

　　3.本试卷一为A型试卷，请将答案用2B铅笔填涂在A型答题卡上，答在其它类型答题卡或试卷上的无效。答题前，请核对答题卡是否为A型卡，若不是，请要求监考员予以更换。

　　4.在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为：在答案所代表的字母上划线，如[A] [B] [C] [D]。

　　5.监考员宣布试卷一考试结束后，请停止答试卷一，将试卷一和试卷一答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，继续做试卷二。监考员将到座位上收取试卷一和试卷一答题卡。

　　6.监考员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字(作为考生交卷的凭据)。否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

　　A

　　Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)

　　Part I Dialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)

　　Section A Dialogue Completion

　　Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　1.A: David said he bought a new BMW for ?5,000!

　　B: Sounds pretty cheap to me!

　　A: Well, that’s what he said.

　　A.Are you sure? B.Come to think of it.

　　C.Do you think so? D.Is he crazy?

　　2.A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years.

　　B: I’m glad to hear it.

　　A.Oh, my goodness! B.How was it?

　　C.Oh, there you go again. D.Good for you.

　　3.A: I just can’t stand this class any more!

　　B: It’s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.

　　A.Well, why not just drop out of it?

　　B.Why, you can say that again!

　　C.Well, you might as well get used to it.

　　D.Why, I couldn’t agree more!

　　4.A: I don’t know about you, but I thought that film was terrific.

　　B: The action was great, and so was the music.

　　A.Just the same. B.I’m with you there.

　　C.More or less. D.I sure do.

　　5.A: Dan gave me a free ride home, but I paid for the gas.

　　B: You know what they say,

　　A.there’s no free lunch. B.don’t bite off more than you can chew.

　　C.one good turn deserves another. D.it’s who you know that counts.

　　Section B Dialogue Comprehension

　　Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　6.Woman: I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.

　　Man: Come on. I think you need to let off some steam.

　　Question: What does the man advise the woman to do?

　　A.To talk to him about the problem.

　　B.To keep the secret.

　　C.To reduce the workload.

　　D.To have a good rest.

　　7.Woman: Julie’s dress looks funny. That style went out last year.

　　Man: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.

　　Question: What does the man try to emphasize?

　　A.Julie’s dress is not outdated.

　　B.Julie’s dress does not suit her.

　　C.Julie should follow the fashion.

　　D.Julie looks fine in that dress.

　　8.Man: What kind of snacks do you prefer?

　　Woman: Oh, I’ve got a sweet tooth, you know.

　　Question: What does the woman probably like?

　　A.Sandwich. B.Hot dogs.

　　C.Ice cream. D.Potato chips.

　　9.Woman: I’m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If only cars could drive themselves!

　　Man: Well, some car manufacturers are working on them. I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it.

　　Question: What does the man imply?

　　A.The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car.

　　B.Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive.

　　C.He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.

　　D.Driving to work is really a headache.

　　10.Man: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone?

　　Woman: It’s simple. I don’t mind being married to my career.

　　Question: What’s Annie’s attitude towards her future?

　　A.She will stay with someone unmarried.

　　B.She will live a simple life.

　　C.She will quit her job to get married.

　　D.She will fully focus on her job.

　　Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　11.The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.

　　A.neglected B.foresaw

　　C.explored D.assessed

　　12.Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected child abuse to authorities.

　　A.reminded B.expected

　　C.compelled D.requested

　　13.Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.

　　A.creativity B.popularity

　　C.feasibility D.flexibility

　　14.We suspect there is a quite deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine the electoral commission.

　　A.conscious B.desperate

　　C.clumsy D.intentional

　　15.So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself

　　to have been a party to them.

　　A.just B.hardly

　　C.almost D.definitely

　　16.Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming dirty fog.

　　A.constrained B.caught

　　C.concealed D.concentrated

　　17.Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.

　　A.poisonous B.difficult

　　C.dangerous D.harmful

　　18.Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $9 billion.

　　A.precisely B.merely

　　C.substantially D.approximately

　　19.The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.

　　A.factor B.constituent

　　C.barrier D.break

　　20.Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.

　　A.count on B.benefit from

　　C.stand for D.stick to

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　21.It without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.

　　A.takes B.appears

　　C.makes D.goes

　　22.The world economic recession put an end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.

　　A.irregular B.illegal

　　C.abrupt D.absurd

　　23.I’m about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.

　　A.mysterious B.furious

　　C.serious D.curious

　　24.The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, based on an with other smaller parties, has proved successful.

　　A.acquaintance B.integration

　　C.alliance D.intimacy

　　25.The new aircraft will be to a test of temperatures of -65oC and 120oC.

　　A.suspended B.suppressed

　　C.summoned D.subjected

　　26.The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful to my ordinary income.

　　A.profit B.supplement

　　C.subsidy D.replacement

　　27.Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining

　　of tooth decay.

　　A.treatment B.incidence

　　C.consequence D.misfortune

　　28.Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain of fish from becoming extinct.

　　A.species B.sources

　　C.numbers D.members

　　29.Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by useful tips from TV cookery programs.

　　A.picking up B.bringing up

　　C.putting up D.pulling up

　　30.The President his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.

　　A.promoted B.substituted

　　C.authorized D.displaced

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)

　　Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　Passage One

　　Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus”—a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.

　　Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new ways to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.

　　Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.

　　Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.

　　There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow.

　　Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.

　　31.The “walking school bus” .

　　A.does not consume fuel B.aims to keep children fit

　　C.seldom causes traffic jams D.is popular with school kids

　　32.In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with .

　　A.individual schools B.school districts

　　C.teachers D.parents

　　33.As regards walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the .

　　A.time spent on the way B.changes in the route

　　C.kids’ physical strength D.safety of their children

　　34.To save money, some schools choose to .

　　A.take the shortest routes B.shorten the school week

　　C.give drivers better training D.use fuel-efficient buses

　　35.Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to .

　　A.fiercer competition among bus companies

　　B.more students taking public transportation

　　C.an increase in carbon dioxide emissions

　　D.a decrease in the safety of school buses

　　36.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutbacks?

　　A.Favorable. B.Critical.

　　C.Objective. D.Indifferent.

　　Passage Two

　　People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (长寿) of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the

　　difference was smaller then—the gap is growing.

　　A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).

　　Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.

　　One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.

　　Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.

　　Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages (流产). In humans, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.

　　37.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

　　A.Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.

　　B.Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.

　　C.The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.

　　D.The age gap was noticed only recently.

　　38.As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are .

　　A.diseases and road accidents

　　B.industrialization and work strains

　　C.their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol

　　D.their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure

　　39.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?

　　A.The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.

　　B.The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.

　　C.Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.

　　D.Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.

　　40.Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?

　　A.Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.

　　B.Though more liable to illnesses, women still live longer.

　　C.Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.

　　D.Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.

　　41.The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “ ”.

　　A.margin B.side

　　C.advantage D.quality

　　42.What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A.The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.

　　B.That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.

　　C.People are living longer as a result of industrialization.

　　D.Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.

　　Passage Three

　　Many are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an

　　office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.

　　Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology, energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes, buildings and industrial plants.

　　Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器) networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.

　　The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, GreenPeak has developed an ultra-low-power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.

　　Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer, and cleaner environment.

　　43.By “human intervention” (Paragraph 2), the author refers to .

　　A.the reduction of great energy waste in the environment

　　B.the grasping of straightforward opportunities available

　　C.acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room

　　D.the adoption of smart sensing and network technology

　　44.Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they .

　　A.have to be replaced from time to time

　　B.contain metals that pollute the environment

　　C.require automatic recharging

　　D.are difficult and costly to maintain

　　45.Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that .

　　A.there is energy in the environment to be utilized

　　B.the cost of using them has been drastically reduced

　　C.modern data communication consumes little energy

　　D.their maintenance has been greatly simplified

　　46.According to the passage, GreenPeak .

　　A.is the first company to install wireless sensor networks

　　B.promotes the application of wireless sensor networks

　　C.supplies batteries operating on harvested energy

　　D.benefits handsomely from communication technology

　　47.The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the .

　　A.replacement of batteries in harvesters

　　B.monitoring of energy harvested from the environment

　　C.elimination of batteries in sensor networks

　　D.impact of sensor networks on power supply

　　48.Wireless sensor networks promise to .

　　A.bring businesses high profits

　　B.further develop the sensing technology

　　C.turn motion into a major source of energy

　　D.improve the daily lives of people worldwide

　　Passage Four

　　If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.

　　While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of

　　those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.

　　Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.

　　You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!

　　Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.

　　49.The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that .

　　A.people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings

　　B.Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months

　　C.one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid them

　　D.the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago

　　50.According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year .

　　A.drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highways

　　B.more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving

　　C.two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving

　　D.41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving

　　51.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?

　　A.Increasing number of cars. B.Drivers’ stress and anxiety.

　　C.Overcrowded roads. D.Rush hour traffic.

　　52.The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.

　　A.speak B.cause

　　C.describe D.spare

　　53.Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?

　　A.Talking while driving. B.Driving fast.

　　C.Yelling at another driver. D.Sounding the horn when passing.

　　54.The last paragraph is intended to ________.

　　A.tell people how to cope with Road Rage

　　B.inform people how aggressive drivers could be

　　C.tell people how to control themselves when angry

　　D.warn people against eye contact with another driver

　　Passage Five

　　In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the “Clever Hans” effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr Lit found, they do.

　　Dr Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search areas might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detections” made by the teams thus had to be false.

　　The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.

　　When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signalled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.

　　How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously “profiled” people being sniffed by a drug- or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travellers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.

　　55.What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?

　　A.He was as clever as people claimed.

　　B.He was really good at counting.

　　C.He could understand human language.

　　D.He merely responded to human signals.

　　56.Lisa Lit and her colleagues .

　　A.questioned the “Clever Hans” effect

　　B.discovered the “Clever Hans” effect

　　C.confirmed the “Clever Hans” effect

　　D.rejected the “Clever Hans” effect

　　57.The dog handlers learned before the searches that .

　　A.each search area contained three target scents

　　B.there was actually no target scent in the search area

　　C.some target scents may be labelled with a special mark

　　D.their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper

　　58.What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr. Lit?

　　A.The location of the false alerts.

　　B.The regularity of the false alerts.

　　C.The number of the false alerts.

　　D.The timing of the false alerts.

　　59.It can be concluded from the experiment that .

　　A.dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogs

　　B.dogs may act in response to their handlers’ bodily signals

　　C.the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to success

　　D.well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals

　　60.The author thinks that Dr. Lit’s findings .

　　A.should raise our concern in real life

　　B.may not be useful in real situations

　　C.should be backed up by further evidence

　　D.will be widely applied in the near future

　　Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, 61 those species that are endangered. 62 , many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment. Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational 63 that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations. 64 the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities, the struggle to obtain 65 operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.

　　Many 66 zoos in American cities have undergone renovation (翻新) during the last decades of the twentieth century. Among the recent trends in zoo 67 is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats (栖息地). The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors 68 appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals. Such renovations may 69 stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.

　　Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs. A captive propagation program includes the breeding of 70 zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring, usually for release to 71 or for transfer to other zoos. Captive breeding is one method of 72 some species from extinction.

　　Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs 73 zoo exhibits. Public activities include in-school programs, zoo tours, special events, and websites. The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd 74 it moved throughout its range.

　　The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing. Through their efforts 75 conservation, education, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.

　　61.A.superficially B.especially C.importantly D.supposedly

　　62.A.By that time B.By the time C.At one time D.At that time

　　63.A.institutions B.associations C.foundations D.corporations

　　64.A.Along B.Toward C.Among D.Through

　　65.A.limited B.professional C.sufficient D.excessive

　　66.A.newer B.older C.former D.later

　　67.A.management B.improvement C.achievement D.assessment

　　68.A.under B.for C.into D.with

　　69.A.reduce B.cause C.increase D.avoid

　　70.A.selected B.sustained C.promising D.surviving

　　71.A.natural B.the natural C.wild D.the wild

　　72.A.restraining B.saving C.sheltering D.exempting

　　73.A.attributed to B.opposed to C.referred to D.related to

　　74.A.as B.as if C.so D.so that

　　75.A.in search of B.in honor of C.in support of D.in charge of