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2016年同等学力申硕考试临近，今天新阳光教育就来给大家讲讲同等学力申硕英语的语法---倒装，一起来围观吧：
一、总述
英语句子中的倒装(inversion )分为部分倒装(partial inversion )和全部倒装(full inversion)。所谓部分倒装是指将句子谓语部分的助动词或情态助动词置于主语之前，全部倒装是指将整个谓语动词置于主语之前。倒装语序常出现在下列情况中：
1. 为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即：so (neither, nor) + be 动词(助动词，情态动词)+ 主语。例如：
My father is an engineer; so is my husband.
Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Morris.
注意：如表示赞同别人的陈述，so 后面的部分不倒装。例如：
“Jim is a good-swimmer.” “So he is, and so is Dick.”
2. 具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be 动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(than), hardly… (when), not only… (but also) 等。例如：
Never has my brother been abroad before.
Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.
二、重要考点
1. 如果句首的否定词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，则句子不用倒装。例如：Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.
2. as 或though 引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。例如：
Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.
Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.
3. 当so、often 、only 等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。这样的结构起一个强调作用，与正常语序的区别只是程度的不同。例如：
So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.
(The destruction was so great that the south took decades to recovery.)
Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.
4. 当there 、here、then 、now 等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come 、go、be 等词时，句子一般全部倒装，此类倒装句旨在引起别人注意。但如果主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：
Look! Here comes the taxi.
Here are some letters for you to type.
5. 当out 、in、away、up、bang 等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。但如主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：
Away flew the bird.
Bang goes my ace.
Away she went.
三、节选例题
1. Only recently ______ to realize the dangers caffeine ( 咖啡因) might bring to our health.
A. that scientists began B. have scientists begun
C. scientists have begun D. that did scientists begin
2. Not until the year of 1954 ______ made the capital of this country.
A. the city was B. was the city
C. when the city was D. was when the city
3. ______ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.
A. Should he have gone to B. If he went to
C. Were he to go D. Had he gone to
4. “Does your father call you very often?” “Yes, my father calls about once a week and ______.”
A. so my brother does B. my brother does so
C. so does my brother D. does so my brother
5. Hardly anything ______ more than the happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment.
A. please him B. does please him
C. pleases him D. does him please
6. So little ______ about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me.
A. I knew B. did I know C. I had known D. had I known
7. We are late! Look, ______!
A. there the bus goes B. the bus goes there
C. there goes the bus D. the bus there goes
8. Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking ______ to learn to read and write.
A. he began B. will he begin C. did he begin D. he must begin
9. Busy ______ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
A. because B. as C. no matter how D. although
10. By no means ______ create or destroy energy.
A. we can B. we can’t C. can we D. shall we
11. How strange ______!
A. that the children are so quiet is B. that the children are so quiet
C. is the children are so quiet D. it is that the children are so quiet
12. Not only ______ tolerant of other people’s opinion, but he is also patient.
A. he is B. is he C. he will be D. will he be
13. She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.
A. neither she did B. nor did she
C. either did she D. she either
14. ______ table tennis was accepted as a regular part of the Olympic Games.
A. Not until 1988 B. It was not until 1986 that
C. It was in 1986 when D. It was until 1986 that
15. ______ that Susan hadn’t dared to make a sound.
A. So was he absorbed B. So absorbed he was
C. So absorbed was he D. So he was absorbed
四、例题解析
1. 答案：B
解析：so、often 、only 等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子需部分倒装，将be 动词，助动词或情态动词提到主语前。此题中only 被置于句首，因此应将助动词have 提前。
2. 答案：B
解析：not until 为表示否定意义的副词或副词词组。如果置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
3. 答案：D
解析：此题考倒装在if 引导的虚拟条件句中的使用。省略掉if 的条件句应该将该句中的助动词和主语互换位置。Had he gone to… = If he had gone to… 。
4. 答案：C
解析：在英语中，为避免句子部分内容重复，常用so、neither 或nor 开头的倒装句，此题便是一例。应将助词does 提前，省略后面的谓语动词。
5. 答案：C
解析：一般情况下，表示否定意义的副词置于句首时，句子应部分倒装。但如果否定的副词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，句子就不必倒装。本题中hardly 修饰主语anything ，因此句子不必倒装，用正常语序。题意：几乎没什么比看到有人将他的设备用于治疗更令他开心了。
6. 答案：B
解析：此题中so 表示程度，因此句子需部分倒装。B 和D 都是倒装句，区别在于时态。
7. 答案：C
解析：此题考全部倒装，属于副词there 置于句首，且谓语动词为go 这一句型要求。
8. 答案：B
解析：only 置于句首，句子要部分倒装。因此，排除了A 和D。B 和C 的区别在于时态。因从句中动词为现在完成时，所以排除与从句时态不一致的C，得出正确答案B。
9. 答案：B
解析：A、B、C、D 四个选择项都为从属连词。但只有as 引导让步状语从句时才会部分倒装。although 引导让步状语从句一般不倒装。因此，此题正确答案为B。注意，只有as 和though 引导让步状语从句时，从句才部分倒装。这时一般将形容词或副词提到从句首。
10. 答案：C
解析：by no means 意为“决不”，相当于一否定的副词。当它置于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装。
11. 答案：D
解析：完整的感叹句不倒装，因此正确选择为D。A 虽符合不倒装这一点，但不符合英语句子重心平衡的原则，显得头轻脚重失去平衡。B、C 两个选择项语法上均讲不通。
12. 答案：B
解析：一看到not only ，就该立刻想到句子需部分倒装。因此，排除A 和C。B 和D 区别在于时态，再根据but 并列的后一分句中动词的形式is，即可选出正确的答案B。题意为：他不仅能容忍别人意见，并且还很耐心。
13. 答案：B
解析：四个选择项都包括“也(不)”之意，据此，题意为：她从不大笑;也不发脾气。空当后面部分无否定意思，因此空当中内容应包括否定意思，据此，排除C 和D。A 和B 都有否定的副词在句首。区别在于A 没倒装，而B 倒装。显然，B 为正确选择。
14. 答案：B
解析：本题是强调句型it is … that … 的用法。由于句子的谓语动词与主语没有倒置，所以就不应该选择否定词放在句首的A 项选择;而C 和D 的句型不正确。
15. 答案：C
解析：so 为程度副词，置于句首时，句子一般倒装，因此排除B 和D。A 和C 的区别在于absorbed 的位置。当so 作为程度副词置于句首时，它所修饰的形容词或分词一般紧跟其后。因此，正确答案为C。
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